王 超，解丽梅. 超声心动图评价胎儿心脏功能的研究进展[J]. 中国临床医学影像杂志, 2015, 26(12): 894-896.
WANG Chao, XIE Li-mei. Research progress of echocardiography on fetal cardiac function. JOURNAL OF CHINA MEDICAL IMAGING, 2015, 26(12): 894-896.
[1]Zheng M, Schaal M, Chen Y, et al. Real-time 3-dimensional echocardiographic assessment of ventricular volume, mass, and function in human fetuses[J]. PloS One, 2013, 8(3): e58494.
[2]Crispi F, Gratacós E. Fetal cardiac function: technical considerations and potential research and clinical applications[J]. Fetal Diagn Ther, 2012, 32(1-2): 47-64.
[3]Simpson J. Echocardiographic evaluation of cardiac function in the fetus[J]. Prenat Diagn, 2004, 24(13): 1081-1091.
[4]龙湘党，周启昌，彭海清，等. 正常胎儿超声心动图研究[J]. 医学临床研究，2002，19（11）：422-424.
[5]钱晓芹，顾建娟. 正常中孕胎儿心功能的超声评价[J]. 中国产前诊断杂志：电子版，2010，2（4）：24-27.
[6]晁桂华，黄飞雪，陈华业，等. 超声心动图对不同孕周胎儿心内结构及功能的研究[J]. 医学文选，2005，24（1）：1-3.
[7]Hernandez-Andrade E, Benavides-Serralde JA, Cruz-Martinez R, et al. Evaluation of conventional Doppler fetal cardiac function parameters: E/A ratios, outflow tracts, and myocardial performance index[J]. Fetal Diagn Ther, 2012, 32(1-2): 22-29.
[8]Carceller-Blanchard AM, Fouron JC. Determinants of the Doppler flow velocity profile through the mitral valve of the human fetus[J]. Br Heart J, 1993, 70(5): 457-460.
[9]Ho CY, Solomon SD. A clinician’s guide to tissue Doppler imaging[J]. Circulation, 2006, 113(10): 396-398.
[10]陈欣林. 超声对胎儿心功能的评估[C]//中国超声医学工程学会. 中国超声医学工程学会第四届全国妇产及计划生育超声医学学术会议论文汇编. 河北：中国超声医学工程学会，2012：15.
[11]Tei C, Ling LH, Hodge DO, et al. New index of combined systolic and diastolic myocardial performance: a simple and reproducible measure of cardiac function—a study in normals and dilated cardiomyopathy[J]. Cardiol, 1995, 26(6): 357-366.
[12]储晨，桂永浩，施立晔，等. 用脉冲多普勒Tei指数评价正常胎儿心功能价值探讨[J]. 中国实用儿科杂志，2008，23（5）：356-358.
[13]Eidem BW, Edwards JM, Cetta F. Quantitative assessment of fetal ventricular function: establishing normal values of the myocardial performance index in the fetus[J]. Echocardiography, 2001, 18(1): 9-13.
[14]Tsutsumi T, Ishii M, Eto G, et al． Serial evaluation for myocardial performance in fetuses and neonates using a new Doppler index[J]. Pediatr Int, 1999, 41(6): 722-727．
[15]Duan Y, Harada K, Wu W, et al. Correlation between right ventricular Tei index by tissue Doppler imaging and pulsed Doppler imaging in fetuses[J]. Pediatr Cardiol, 2008, 29(4): 739-743.
[16]夏永升，赵雅萍，许崇永. 组织多普勒和脉冲多普勒超声测量胎儿Tei指数的比较性研究[J]. 医学研究杂志，2012，41（5）：118-121.
[17]Balasubramanian S, Tacy TA. Functional imaging in fetal echocardiography: a review of conventional and novel approaches[J]. Cardiovasc Engineering Technol, 2013, 4(3): 276-285.
[18]Simpson JM, Cook A. Repeatability of echocardiographic measurements in the human fetus[J]. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol, 2002, 20(4): 332-339.
[19]Gardiner HM, Pasquini L, Wolfenden J, et al. Myocardial tissue Doppler and long axis function in the fetal heart[J]. Int J Cardiol, 2006, 113(1): 39-47.
[20]Carvalho JS, O’Sullivan C, Shinebourne EA, et al. Right and left ventricular long-axis function in the fetus using angular M-mode[J]. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol, 2001, 18(6): 619-622.
[21]Simioni C, Nardozza LM, Araujo Júnior E, et al. Fetal cardiac function assessed by spatio-temporal image correlation[J]. Arch Gynecol Obstet, 2011, 284(1): 253-260.
[22]Molina FS, Faro C, Sotiriadis A, et al. Heart stroke volume and cardiac output by four-dimensional ultrasound in normal fetuses[J]. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol, 2008, 32(2): 181-187.
[23]Perk G, Tunick PA, Kronzon I. Non-Doppler two-dimensional strain imaging by echocardiography—from technical considerations to clinical applications[J]. J Am Soc Echocardiogr, 2007, 20(3): 234-243.
[24]Bijnens BH, Cikes M, Claus P, et al. Velocity and deformation imaging for the assessment of myocardial dysfunction[J]. Eur J Echocardiogr, 2009, 10(2): 216-226.
[25]Kapusta L, Mainzer G, Weiner Z, et al. Second trimester ultrasound: reference values for two-dimensional speckle tracking-derived longitudinal strain, strain rate and time to peak deformation of the fetal heart[J]. J Am Soc Echocardiogr, 2012, 25(12): 1333-1341.
[26]Germanakis I, Gardiner H. Assessment of fetal myocardial deformation using speckle tracking techniques[J]. Fetal Diagn Ther, 2012, 32(1-2): 39-46.
[27]姬宏娟，汪龙霞，王军燕，等. 时间-空间相关成像技术评估中孕期胎心功能的初步研究[J]． 中国医学影像学杂志，2012，20（2）：118-122．
[28]孙微，张颖，蔡爱露，等. 时间-空间关联成像技术评价正常胎儿心功能[J]. 中国医学影像技术，2011，27（1）：202-203．
[29]Simioni C, Nardozza LM, Araujo Júnior E, et al. Heart stroke volume, cardiac output, and ejection fraction in 265 normal fetus in the second half of gestation assessed by 4D ultrasound using spatio-temporal image correlation[J]. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med, 2011, 24(9): 1159-1167.
[30]孙丽娟，吴青青，姚苓，等. 时间-空间关联成像评价正常胎儿及心律失常胎儿心功能的研究[J]. 首都医科大学学报，2014，35（2）：168-172.
[31]Hamill N, Yeo L, Romero R, et al. Fetal cardiac ventricular volume, cardiac output, and ejection fraction determined with 4-dimensional ultrasound using spatio temporal image correlation and virtual organ computer-aided analysis[J]． Am J Obstet Gynecol, 2011, 205(1): 76．
[32]Goncalves LF, Lee W, Chaiworapongsa T, et al． Four-dimensional ultrasonography of the fetal heart with spatio temporal image correlation[J]. Obstet Gynecol, 2003, 189(6): 1792-1802．
[33]Acar P, Battle L, Dulac Y, et al. Real-time three-dimensional fetal echo-cardiography using a new transabdominal xMATRIX array transducer[J]. Arch Cardiovasc Dis, 2014, 107(1): 4-9.
[34]Zhu M, Streiff C, Panosian J, et al. Evaluation of stroke volume and ventricular mass in a fetal heart model: a novel four-dimensional echocardiographic analysis[J]. Echocardiography, 2014, 31(9): 1138-1145.
[35]Zhu M, Ashraf M, Zhang Z, et al. Real Time Three-Dimensional Echocardiographic Evaluations of Fetal Left Ventricular Stroke Volume, Mass, and Myocardial Strain: In Vitro and In Vivo Experimental Study[J]. Echocardiography, 2015, 32(11): 1697-1706.
