摘要扩散磁共振成像（dMRI）是一种非侵入性的、能提供生物体内水分子扩散运动相关信息的成像技术，可用于检测神经纤维微观结构的变化。而近几年来逐步发展起来的神经突方向分散度和密度成像（Neurite orientation dispersionand density imaging，NODDI）对脑白质微结构的研究更具有敏感性，同时也为中枢系统疾病的研究提供新的方法。本文对NODDI技术的成像原理及在中枢神经系统中的临床研究进展予以综述。
Abstract：The diffusion magnetic resonance imaging(dMRI) can provide the information of diffusion properties of water molecules in biological tissue, is the only noninvasive technique which can detect whiter matter microstructure. Neurite orientation dispersionand density imaging(NODDI) is a new technique which expands from diffusion magnetic resonance imaging, and has been demonstrated to be highly sensitive and specific in detecting the microstructure of biological tissues in vivo and providing an effective means for the study of central nervous system disorders. This article will review the principle of NODDI and its clinical application in neural system.
薛 冰，于 兵，黄明珠，张 旭，游 弋 . 神经突方向分散度和密度成像技术的应用进展[J]. 中国临床医学影像杂志, 2017, 28(12): 896-898.
XUE Bing, YU Bing, HUANG Ming-zhu, ZHANG Xu, YOU Yi. Progress in the application of neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging. JOURNAL OF CHINA MEDICAL IMAGING, 2017, 28(12): 896-898.
[1]张力新，王伟伟，赵欣，等. 基于扩散磁共振成像的大脑白质微结构检测研究进展[J]. 纳米技术与精密工程，2015，13（4）：276-286．
[2]Deligianni F, Carmichael DW, Zhang GH, et al. NODDI and Tensor-Based Microstructural Indices as Predictors of Functional Connectivity[J]. PLoS One, 2016, 11(4): e0153404．
[3]Zhang H, Schneider T, Wheeler-Kingshott CA, et al. NODDI: practical in vivo neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging of the human brain[J]. Neuroimage, 2012, 61(4): 1000-1016．
[4]Reddy CP, Rathi Y. Joint Multi-Fiber NODDI Parameter Estimation and Tractography Using the Unscented Information Filter[J]. Front Neurosci, 2016, 10: 166．
[5]Colgan N, Siow B, O’Callaghan JM, et al. Application of neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging(NODDI) to a tau pathology model of Alzheimer’s disease[J]. Neuroimage, 2016, 125: 739-744．
[6]Kelly CE, Thompson DK, Chen J, et al. Axon density and axon orientation dispersion in children born preterm[J]. Hum Brain Mapp, 2016, 37(9): 3080-3102．
[7]Jelescu IO, Veraart J, Adisetiyo V, et al. One diffusion acquisition and different white matter models: how does microstructure change in human early development based on WMTI and NODDI?[J]. Neuroimage, 2015, 107: 242-256．
[8]Winston GP, Micallef C, Symms MR, et al. Advanced diffusion imaging sequences could aid assessing patients with focal cortical dysplasia and epilepsy[J]. Epilepsy Res, 2014, 108(2): 336-339．
[9]Nazeri A, Chakravarty MM, Rotenberg DJ, et al. Functional consequences of neurite orientation dispersion and density in humans across the adult lifespan[J]. J Neurosci, 2015, 35(4): 1753-1762．
[10]Kamagata K, Hatano T, Okuzumi A, et al. Neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging in the substantia nigra in idiopathic Parkinson disease[J]. Eur Radiol, 2016, 26(8): 2567-2577．
[11]Kamagata K, Hatano T, Aoki S. What is NODDI and what is its role in Parkinson’s assessment?[J]. Expert Rev Neurother, 2016, 16(3): 241-243.
[12]Kansagra AP, Mabray MC, Ferriero DM, et al. Microstructural maturation of white matter tracts in encephalopathic neonates[J]. Clin Imaging, 2016, 40(5): 1009-1013.
[13]Timmers I, Zhang H, Bastiani M, et al. White matter microstructure pathology in classic galactosemia revealed by neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging[J]. J Inherit Metab Dis, 2015, 38(2): 295-304．
[14]Irie R, Tsuruta K, Hori M, et al. Neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging for evaluation of corticospinal tract in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus[J]. Jpn J Radiol, 2017, 35(1): 25-30.
[15]Adluru G, Gur Y, Anderson JS, et al. Assessment of white matter microstructure in stroke patients using NODDI[J]. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc, 2014, 2014: 742-745.
[16]Wen Q, Kelley DA, Banerjee S, et al. Clinically feasible NODDI characterization of glioma using multiband EPI at 7T[J]. Neuroimage Clin, 2015, 9: 291-299．
[17]Billiet T, Madler B, D’Arco F, et al. Characterizing the microstructural basis of “unidentified bright objects” in neurofibromatosis type 1: A combined in vivo multicomponent T2 relaxation and multi-shell diffusion MRI analysis[J]. Neuroimage Clin, 2014, 4: 649-658．
